The Interpretive Design For High School Students Essay

The basic interpretive design best suits this research process as it seeks to explain this specific topic and explore multiple perspectives of high school students from both countries that possess different approaches to learning and education. The basic interpretive design will be used to uncover emergent themes within this topic through interviewing, documenting, and describing the phenomenon. I will focus on obtaining rich, descriptive texts that will facilitate this understanding in order to make general conclusions about the emergent themes. The study of this central phenomenon in question could not be carried out as a case study because it does not address a unique situation occurring in both countries. It is not an ethnographic study, although it takes into account countries that have dissimilar cultures; this research will not attempt to give any sociocultural nor philosophical interpretations and explanations of the data collected. A basic interpretive study focuses on how i ndividuals interpret their experiences; create their worlds, and the meanings they attribute to their experiences. Consequently, the overall purpose is to understand how high school students interpret their experiences and whether or not those experiences have adequately prepared or inhibited their transition into undergraduate programs. The limitations of my research design is in the collection of data, as basic interpretive studies focus on using interviews to collect data while other designsShow MoreRelatedThe Standards Of Aesthetic Judgment Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagescome from? 2. Why is the art made? 3. Is it successful? Where does the art come from is a huge question that I ask myself when evaluating a piece of art. I have been fortunate to judge Vase (a visual art competition that ranges elementary to high school level) and with each piece I must take it in as a new individual piece of art. On the same note, I have been fortunate enough to help with UIL OAP contest and rated productions with other critics on the criteria we/I thought to be of value. So theRead MoreAnalysis of Strong Interest Inventory and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator1830 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The population selected in this context is that of high school students. High school students are young, with some individuals considering them as leaders of the future. This is because students normally decide on their career paths when they complete their high school level. The purpose for this analysis is for the determination of their pattern of interest, as well as what they are inclined to do because of their personality type. To facilitate execution of this particular activityRead MoreCase Study Approach : Qualitative Research1428 Words   |  6 Pages(p.3) while Macdonald Walker (1977) defines it as an â€Å"the examination of an instance in action† (p.181). Note that the key word is â€Å"instance† which could a individual child in the classroom, a classroom of preschool children, a low achieving high school or a specific remedial programme in reading. An â€Å"instance† of the case is selected to study in depth because it is intrinsically interesting and the researcher who studies it seeks to get a full understanding of the phenomenon as possible (MerriamRead MoreA Research Study On Data Analysis938 Words   |  4 Pagesand fits the questions being asked or the hypotheses for qualitative research. The description of the rationale for using various data analysis methods should help the readers determine if the analytical techniques are appropriate for the research design and the measures utilized to represent the variables in the case study. †¢ Accuracy involves providing evidence that the analytical techniques used in the research provide correct answers to the research question being asked or the hypotheses beingRead MoreQualitative Research Essay3386 Words   |  14 Pagesresearch is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. It consists of a set of interpretive, material practices that makes the world visible. These practices transform the world. They turn the world into a series of representations, including field notes, interviews, conversations, photographs, recordings, and memos to the self. At this level, qualitative research involves an interpretive, naturalistic approach to the world. This means that qualitative researchers study things in theirRead MoreQualitative Research Essay3380 Words   |  14 Pagesresearch is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. It consists of a set of interpretive, material practices that makes the world visible. These practices transform the world. They turn the world into a series of representations, including field notes, interviews, conversations, photographs, recordings, and memos to the self. At this level, qualitative research involves an interpretive, naturalistic approach to the world. This means that qualitative researchers study things in theirRead MoreInvestigation Based Stem Professional Development For Elementary Teachers1461 Words   |  6 Pagesstandards, and teacher preparedness to teach STEM curriculum. Procedure: This study used two independent group responses of pre-post assessments, from seventy elementary school teachers from several schools in a large, economically diverse school district. During the yearlong professional development plan, elementary school teachers attended a 3-day summer institute and continued with an on-line learning modules as well as face-to-face support. Findings: Qualitative survey responses using Likert-typeRead MoreThe Health Issue Of College Students965 Words   |  4 Pages The well being of college students has been a major health issue for campuses around the world. Berg et al. (2011) state that young adulthood is a critical transition period, and could have an long term effects on their well being. The drinking rates within college have been know to sky rocket after transitioning out of high school, and moving forward as and adult. A critique of Berg, Ritschel, Swan, An, and Ahluwalia (2011) study, examines the correlation of hope in relations to alcohol useRead MoreResearch Design Of Faith Based Recovery Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Design in Faith-Based Recovery Catherine A. DeLorco Ohio Christian University October 22, 2016 Research Design in Faith-Based Recovery To determine what type of research design I would use to answer my question relating to faith-based recovery, I will first need to explore the three major research designs with examples of appropriate uses. Additionally, I will present my research question with the research design I would choose and why. Qualitative research is the first design toRead MorePhysical Participation Among Older Adults Using Qualitative Research Methods1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthey may have completed the necessary research ethics training, there was a no surety that the graduate students, who listened to the recordings in search of mistakes, did not expose the information of the participants. Research design The researcher employed interpretive description approach that allowed nursing researchers to investigate a shared health phenomenon. The descriptive, interpretive analysis ensured that the inevitable individual variations among the participants were respected. Data

John Adams Essays - 1414 Words

As the second president of the United States and the first vice president, John Adams had experienced various kinds of lives of different social positions. Adams, in his early years, tried diverse professions like writer, lawyer, public speaker, and congressman. Later, he became one of the leaders of several political fields, such as the American Revolution and foreign relationships, whose contributions had influenced the United States Constitution. People and nations are forged in the fires of adversity, said by him, John Adams was more admirable to be a political philosopher than a politician. (John Adams) John Adams was born in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, on October 30, 1735, and he is the first of three†¦show more content†¦(Shaw 25) It was a marriage of the mind and of the heart, which left a remarkable and shining example for the following. In 1776, Adams devoted himself completely into the issues about American independence. A resolution, namely the De claration of Independence, claimed that actions should be taken to make sure that every citizen of the United States should live in the happiness and safety, was passed by Congress. Adams, as the writer of the introduction of the Declaration as well as one of the editors of the draft, spelled out the principle of independence. While because of his belief that the cause of independence was more important than some phenomena at that time, he did not protest when Congress cut the denouncement of slavery from the Declaration, although he was a lifelong opponent of it. Even though he was considered to have made little contributions to the details of the Declaration of Independence, according to Thomas Jefferson, he served as the pillar of its support on the floor Congress. (John Adams) A year later, Adams was elected by Congress to be a diplomat to France, and three months later, he left America and set off for Europe. During his one-and-half-year stay in France, Adams kept sending nu merous long letters to his friends and family, which described his emotional feelings as well as the European affairs that he was dealing with. Meanwhile, he observed the French court and national life, and found dramaticShow MoreRelated John Adams Essay2173 Words   |  9 Pages John Adams John Adams was born on October 30, 1735, in Massachusetts Bay. He was born in a well-to-do family of five. He is the eldest son and was named after his father, John Adams. Young Adams was able to receive a proper childhood education, as his father was a deacon of the Congregational church, as well as a lieutenant of the local militia. Despite his busy schedule, his main interest and occupation was farming. At 1761, Adams’ father passed away due to the flu epidemic. His mother remarriedRead MoreEssay on John Adams1466 Words   |  6 Pages John Adams, who became the second president of the United States, has been accused by some historians of being the closest thing America ever had to a dictator or monarch (Onuf, 1993). Such strong accusations should be examined in the context of the era in which Mr. Adams lived and served. A closer examination of the historical events occurring during his vice presidency and his term as president, strongly suggests that Adams was not, in fact, a dictator. Indeed, except for his lack of charismaRead MoreEssay on John Adams1165 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Adams was born on October 30th, 1735 to John Adams Sr. and Susanna Boylston Adams. He was the oldest of three and lived in Braintree, Massachusetts. His father was a farmer, deacon, and town councilman. The Adams were not very wealthy and John Adams’ father knew he could only send one son and he wanted to send his eldest. However, John Adams told his father â€Å"I do not love books and I wish you would lay aside thoughts of sending me to college.† His father in reply asked him- â€Å"What would you doRead MoreThe Legacy Of John Adams1474 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Adams was many things in his long and illustrious career. He was a lawyer, diplomat, farmer, Vice President and President. He is most well-known for being the second president. He did some good things and some bad things. Although the four years of John Adams’ presidency were quiet and somewhat forgotten, his successes in foreign policy and his control no doubt outweighed his failures in the Sedition Act and with his cabinet, in part to his background and characteristics. John Adam’s greatestRead MoreJohn Adams, Jr.1707 Words   |  7 Pages John Adams, Jr. was an American lawyer, author, statesman, and diplomat. He served as the second President of the United States, the first Vice President, and as a Founding Father was a leader of American independence from Great Britain. Adams was a political theorist in the Age of Enlightenment who promoted republicanism and a strong central government. His innovative ideas were frequently published. He was also a dedicated diarist and correspondent, particularly with his wife and key advisorRead MoreJohn Adams Essay1857 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Adams was born on October 30, 1735, on the family farm in the North Precinct of Braintree, Massachusetts. He was the second of five children to his parents John and Susanna Boylston Adams. Johns father was his role model because he wasnt only a farmer by trade, but he also took on many other time consuming jobs around the community to help others. Everyone in his hometown in some way dealt with him because he owned the titles of: the deacon of the church, selectman, tax collector, constableRead MoreJohn Adams And Thomas Jefferson1478 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Adams and Thomas Jefferson were two revolutionaries who helped birth a nation through an idea of the United States. This idea included the equality of all men and their freedoms, such as religion, speech and liberties. Both Jefferson and Adams became politicians and rose to the position of President of the United States. John Adams took the position as the second President of the United States after serving as George Washington’s Vice President. Adams served as President from March 4, 1797Read MoreBiography of John Adams Essay783 Words   |  4 Pages John Adams was born October 30, 1735 in Braintree Massachusetts to his father John Adams and mother Susanna Boylston Adams. His father was a deacon, lieutenant in the militia, and farmer. John looked up to his father, more than anyone. Recounting later in his life that if he could go back in time he would become a farmer like his father. John was the eldest to two younger brothers Peter and Elihu. He was also the second cousin to Samuel Adams who will later convince him to join the revolutionRead MoreJohn Adams Essay example1315 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Adams John Adams was criticized during his presidency by his enemies as well as his colleagues. Obviously, his reputation as president doesnt really bring a positive thought to ones head. But does John Adams deserve a better reputation as the president of the United States? He just did not do a very good job when it came to picking his cabinet. His colleagues messed up his reputation. On the other hand, a newspaper called the Aurora, which was publicized in Philadelphia during his presidencyRead MoreJohn Adams And Abraham Lincoln1980 Words   |  8 PagesDespite the disparity in the popularity ratings between the two presidents, John Adams and Abraham Lincoln are both indispensable figures in American history. In times of crisis, both of these men made big, consequential decisions to keep the country from falling apart. However, while Lincoln is commemorated for abolishing slavery and leading the Union in the Civil War, John Adams is remembered for the mistakes of his presidency—the Alien and Sedition Acts he issued that took away certain constitutional

Important Communication Skills Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Important Communication Skills. Answer: Introduction: Interpersonal skills are important skills which need to be harbored by every individual in order to establish proper relationship with other individuals both in professional as well as in personal domains. Researchers over the years have identified certain important communication skills which if practiced properly can lead an individual to success. These are proper feedback giving skills, feedback receiving skills, communicating with empathy, developing friendly bonds, maintaining transparency and open mindedness and many others. An individual who maintain all of them in his professional life can be ensured that he can establish arm bonds with colleagues, managers and others which will help me to overcome many obstacles and reach organizational goals. This essay will help me to reflect on my communication skills, identify the issues with them, develop a literature review on the issues and thereby develop an action plan to overcome them. The first tool that I have utilized for the diagnosis of my communication skill is called the Talkaholic scale. This tool help to know how compulsive an individual is as a speaker. However this should not be taken in negative lights by thinking that a person who talks more must be engaged in speaking unnecessary matters which no one wants to listen (McCrockesky Richmond, 1993). Rather many researchers are of the opinion that a person who talked amore are positively accepted by employees as they seem to be more open minded and competent to them (McCrockesky Richmond, 1995). This tool usually helps the score of an individual to be categorized in three groups such as less talkaholic when the score is below 30, borderline talkaholic when score is between 30 to 39 and highly talkaholic when score is above 40. I have achieved a higher score of about 40 which shows that I am truly talkaholic but I never indulge in any useless talk. I have been capable in engaging myself tactfully while de veloping strong bonds with others. I rightly balance my informal and formal behaviors so that my open-mindedness and transparency are rightly reflected through me. I also tend to pour out my feelings in most cases which show that I rightly display my emotional intelligence. The next tool that I have used is called the Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension (PRICA). This tool mainly helps an individual to identify the gaps if present in his intercultural communication skills. This tool actually helps an individual to identify the different gaps in the communication skills which are done with peoples of other culture and traditions in workplace (Neulip Mccroskey, 1997). This tool has 14 questions which an individual need to mark with numbers 1 to 5. After calculating the score with a proper formula, the individual will be classified in one of the three groups. The three categories are low, moderate and high intercultural where marks of each of the categories are 32, 32-52 and 52 respectively. I found myself in the category of low intercultural which is indeed a very negative aspect for my career. I realized that I display biasness towards employees with other cultural preferences. Moreover I am completely unaware of the way about how people of other cultures should be treated and their personal preferences ad inhibitions. In many cases, my comments have hurt them and as a result they have not wanted to work with me. Therefore I need to develop my intercultural communication skills to maintain a stable workplace environment and also for the betterment of my career. The next tool that I have used in the assignment is Self-Perceived Communication Competence Scale (SPCC). This tool helps an individual to develop his knowledge about how effectively he can handle his communication with both known as well as unknown people in both stable and unstable situations (McCrockesky Mccrockesky, 1988). This tool has 12 questions which need to be answered by an individual by giving 0 to 100% marks. This would then be calculated with the help of a particular type of formula that will ultimately assign the individual; to different categories. I was extremely overwhelmed that I scored really well in this test. I noticed that I am not only comfortable within my friends and acquaintances but I was also stable and confident with strangers, new clients, and others. I could talk tactfully both in small groups and also in large groups. I was neither nervous nor stressed and this attribute was well praised by the new clients who came for a presentation. The next tool that is used by me for my reflection assignment is called the Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA). This tool is extremely helpful to understand how an individuals performs in the public speaking domain (MccRoskey, 1970). This tool is mainly comprised of 34 questions which need to be answered in 1 to 5 marking system. This is then needed to be calculated by high, low and moderate in public speaking area when marks are more than 31, less than 98 and between 98 and 131 respectively. This tool provided me with good scores which showed that I am confident and does not become anxious while speaking in front of people. I have proper feedback giving and receiving skills which adds to my successful communication procedures. The next tool that is used by me is Willingness to Listen Diagnostic tool. This is indeed a very helpful tool for judging the listening skills which are an important for interpersonal communication (Richmond Hickson, 2001). A person who has the listening skill can increase effectivity in business communication by reducing miscommunication, developing trust between workers, forming strong bonds and reactions, increasing productivity and others. This tool has 24 questions which are needed to be answered by the individual with marking systems from 1 to 5 and then needs to be calculated with a formula. Scores below 59 show low willingness to listen and that above 89 shows high willingness. I got a score of 52 which showed that I have really poor listening skills which I needed to develop. Lack of proper listening skill might have adverse results on my performance and my bonds with the others which will in turn affect my career. Two issues that I have identified with the help of the diagnostic tools are that I have a major issue in listening skills. I am impatient and therefore I cut down on the speaker. Moreover I also face issues with my intercultural communication skills. I have biasness towards others cultures. I also fail to understand their cultural preferences and inhibitions which tend to hurt them. Therefore, I need to work on these two skills to develop my communication procedures. The first issue that I faced was with my colleagues with whom I was engaged in teamwork. As I was new to the system, she came to help me and was discussing the procedures of working. However, I grew impatient due to the long conversation and cut her short by stating that I am aware of everything. To this, she felt humiliated. However, as I did not hear her properly, I faced many difficulties in a large number of tasks which could have been completed by me easily if I had heard her properly. The second issue that I had faced is while communicating with my colleague who was from the other cultures. I called them with their first name which was not liked by them. Moreover my habit of talking with them directly looking at their eyes made them feel humiliated. Moreover over many instances, my biasness over them got reflected in my tone which also offended them. I asked a Hindu Indian to have beef steak for lunch in the after office conference which hurt his emotions without my knowledge. All these lead them to complain against me for which I was criticized by my mentor. Often researchers have conducted various experiments over the years in order to develop an understanding about how appropriate skills in communication procedures helps in maintaining a stable workplace environment. They have stated that effective communication helps an individual to establish his own point of view effectively who helps in forming mutual understanding among different stakeholders mainly the listener and the speaker (Brownell, 2015). Strong bond of relationship can be developed when both the stakeholders are cordial and helps in proper decisions making processes without any conflicts. Solutions which come out as result of effective communication are not only timely but also relevant and accurate and hence seem to be beneficial for the organization. One of the most important communication skills which are important to be harbored for successful endeavors are listening skills. Proper listening I extremely important for a successful conversation as it will help the listen er to develop a thorough idea about what the speakers want to convey to the listeners. Any interruption is the process of smooth listening process will be termed as ineffective listening. In order to become a good listener, the individual should first learn to be patient, listen to the speaker entirely, develop a proper understanding of what the speaker is saying and then comment. A number of important steps have been mentioned by researchers over the years which enhance the listening skills of individuals. Lacroix et al. (2016) are of the opinion that for effective communication in western culture, facing the speaker and making an eye contact is extremely important. These show that the listener I providing concentration to what is spoken about. The listener should try to be most attentive to the speaker but at the am time should be relaxed. Screening out distractions like background activity and noise and focusing on the speakers accent and speech mannerism is extremely important. The listener should try to be carefully that he is not distracted by his own thoughts, bias and feelings as that may lead to ineffective communication (Alberts, Nakayama Martin, 2015). Listening without any judgmental feeling or without mentally criticizing is important as that would help to reflect the speakers point of view or his mindset. The listener should not interrupt the speakers and should never try to impose his own ideas and values on the speaker as it may disappointment or disrespect the speaker. Without jumping to conclusions, the listener should ask questions only at the end and only when he needs to clarify whether he has heard and understood the speaker correctly. The listener should try to understand the speakers own feelings and accordingly develop an understanding (Brown, 2016). He should also possess a body language which make the speaker believe that he is genuinely been heard. An individual who maintains all of these are found to be successful in their communi cation procedures. One of the most important skills that researchers have stated to be very important in present day business is to develop intercultural communication skills. Researchers like Yoshida et al. (2013) suggest this as vital important skills for individual who are working across countries or continents or even in teams with diverse workforce. There is a huge amount of evidence obtained from literatures that in todays society, a huge amount of people are finding it extremely difficult to either interact with people from different culture or failing to manage or work in multicultural teams. Researchers like Cigerci et al. (2017) are therefore of the opinion that instead of taking it as a difficulty, individuals should take it as a challenge to develop skills and covert the disadvantage to advantage by collecting new ideas and also valuable experiences by effectively interacting with individuals from different cultures. For this, certain steps need to be inculcated by the individuals to effect ively learn intercultural communication. Self awareness is the first step to effective communication where own cultural preferences needed to be identified first like whether he is direct or non direct, use nonverbal or verbal gestures and others. Secondly, the individual then need to be a learner where he should try to learn ideas, values, preferences and inhibitions other people from different culture rather than asserting their own ideas or opinions. Lane et al. (2013) has stated that individuals need to be curious about learning new ideas about others cultures and study their assumptions and valued without being judgmental. Listening to them attentively besides observing their body languages, the way they talk, walk, and stand and others would be noticed in details to develop an idea about their traditions and preferences. The individual should also provide respect to every cultural decision and traditions of colleagues as researchers suggest that respect is the golden rule to e stablish warm bond with people from different culture (Neuliep, 2017). Moreover being open minded automatically open doors for inviting people with other cultures as this trait helps to look all individuals with the same eye without portraying any biasness and maintaining transparency while learning about differences. Being genuinely inquisitive and choosing words wisely can help individuals to remain out of difficult situations (Kealey, 2015). Overcoming sensitivity with own culture as well as going through various resources to break cultural biasness and stereotypes about others cultures, developing respect for them and also to incorporate their ideas and innovations in his own work style will help in development of his intercultural communication skill effectively. In order to develop listening skill as well as intercultural skills, it becomes extremely important to follow the SMART procedure. By this, it is actually meant that the objectives which would be set by me should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and timely. For development of my listening skills and intercultural communication skill, I would join workshops which provide classes on communication issues and helps in developing communication (Kahr-Gottlieb, 2016). They conduct tests also here I would be able to judge myself. Secondly, I would also meet expert business leaders who can provide me advices form their experiences about how to develop listening skills and intercultural skills for effective communication. Thirdly, I will access my digital libraries and gather articles which will provide me with knowledge and evidences form researchers about how I can get over my issues. I can also join the forum discussion classes held in the university where I can test my skills and also achieve valuable advices form mentors. All these are measurable I the sense as the results I will get after attending the classes would help me t develop my skills. The better I am able to handle the communication issues in the coming days will reflect the measure of success and effectively that these initiates have caused in me. These initiatives are also achievable as they are not very costly and can be easily afforded by me. Moreover I will plan them in a way so that it does not affect my university attendance and study hours and thereby easily attainable in other periods of the day. They are relevant as each of the initiatives will provide me with knowledge and feedbacks which will help me develop the communication issues faced (Sorrells, 2015). I will provide myself with a time period of six months. References Alberts, J. K., Nakayama, T. K., Martin, J. N. (2015).Human communication in society. Pearson. Brown, S. B. (2016).A strategy to enhance listening skills in biblical counseling through the implementation of select personal spiritual disciplines. Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary. Brownell, J. (2015).Listening: Attitudes, principles, and skills. Routledge. Ci?erci, F. M., Gultekin, M. (2017). Use of digital stories to develop listening comprehension skills.Issues in Educational Research,27(2), 252-268. Kahr-Gottlieb, D., Kahr-Gottlieb, D. (2016). 9. P. Workshop: Intercultural communication in health care.European Journal of Public Health,26, 1. Kealey, D. J. (2015). Some strengths and weaknesses of 25 years of Research on Intercultural Communication Competence: Personal Reflections.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,48, 14-16. Lacroix, J. A., Reed, M., Harbaugh, A. G. (2016). The effect of metacognitive strategy instruction on L2 learner beliefs and listening skills. InPRONUNCIATION IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING CONFERENCE (ISSN 2380-9566)(p. 76). Lane, H. C., Hays, M. J., Core, M. G., Auerbach, D. (2013). Learning intercultural communication skills with virtual humans: Feedback and fidelity.Journal of Educational Psychology,105(4), 1026. McCroskey, J. C. (1970) . Measures of communication-bound anxiety. Speech Monographs, 37, 269-277. McCroskey, J. C., McCroskey, L. L. (1988). Self-report as an approach to measuring communication competence. Communication Research Reports, 5, 108-11. McCroskey, J. C., Richmond, V. P. (1993). Identifying compulsive communicators: The talkaholic scale. Communication Research Reports, 11, 39-52. McCroskey, J. C., Richmond, V. P. (1995). Correlates of compulsive communication: Quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Communication Quarterly, 43, 39-52. Neuliep, J. W. (2017).Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. Neuliep, J. W., McCroskey, J. C. (1997). The development of intercultural and interethnic communication apprehension scales. Communication Research Reports, 14, 385-398. Richmond, V. P., Hickson, M. III. (2001). Going public: A practical guide to public talk. Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Sorrells, K. (2015).Intercultural communication: Globalization and social justice. Sage publications. Yoshida, T., Yashiro, K., Suzuki, Y. (2013). Intercultural communication skills: What Japanese businesses today need.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,37(1), 72-85.

Family Communication Resolves Family Violence

Question: Discuss about the Report for Family Communication Resolves Family Violence. Answer: Introduction The first article is by George J. Knafl and wrote this paper in the year, 2009 titled Quantitative family Data Analysis." The other article is by Sherry Hamby, Heather Turner, David Finkelhor and Richard Ormrod which was titled Childrens Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Other Family Violence published in the year 2011. Both the articles directly or indirectly relate to the problem of communication leading to violence in a family. Let us discuss the findings of these two reports:- What was the test of significance used by the author? The paper focuses on providing an overview of different data collected from various types of families; it also does careful analyses of actual family data which included regression, summarize the statistics, cluster analysis, factor analysis and analysis of variance. Then finally paper does and detailed analysis using the tools such as SAS and SPSS (Knafl, 2009) As of when this paper was published it became the very first paper comprehensively to present the estimates of children and youth's exposure to the number of IPV (Intimate Partner Violence) and family and parental violence. The article provides information such as various kinds of exposures, relationships of children with the witness of the perpetrator, sex of the perpetrator and a vivid number of reactions of youth to the incident (Hamby, 2011). What were the findings of these authors? The author has been able to project that a family data can involve various numbers of family members and different types of families. The family outcomes can be different or same depending on the family members meaning they can be categorical or continuous. He has managed to provide example and of analysis for selected family data and tells us that it is essential to address IFC while analysing the family data. Finally, he has managed to use SAS and SPSS tools for executing a variety of cross-sectional analyses of dyadic family outcomes (Knafl, 2009). The authors were able to table successfully different percentages of exposure faced by the youth ranging from IPV to different family violence. The following table will make it clear. They were also able to provide data for different types of exposure for these youth, and this data was now available for the first time in the United States of America. The report also successfully estimates the perpetrators of violence in the family (Hamby, 2011). What were the questions raised in their research and what were the final findings on their statistics? The study was limited as it provided templates or fixed models for particular kind of family problems but in reality, a large number of sets were possible for different family challenges and outcomes. The analyses cover some of the most important cases which should be known by every family researcher. Some of the analyses such as longitudinal family outcomes and categorical family analyses have not been mentioned. The author was successful in finding that random coefficients model can be supported by SAS and SPSS both for a modeling at multilevel. The SAS supports two-dimensional structures but is not competent for SPSS in a longitudinal family analysis (Knafl, 2009). The researchers have been able to post a good report but they were dubious about the limitations of the report and some of the primary reasons were that a lot of family cooperation was required which increased the risk of missing the most vulnerable children as they would not have been a chance to answer the survey, secondly, the parents who reported in place of their younger once might not be knowing about the various exposures or they might under-report few incidents. Thirdly, the children are small and often forget the minor or mild exposures and may not say regarding them. But even after these and many other limitations, NatSCEV provides a reader with the most comprehensive and precise estimates of children exposure's to violence (Hamby, 2011). References Hamby, S., Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., Turner, H. (2011).Childrens exposure to violence A message from OJJDP. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/232272.pdf Knafl, G. J. (2009).Quantitative family data analysis international family nursing conference 2009. Retrieved from https://www.unc.edu/~gknafl/research/famdata.quant.pdf State University of New York Press, Albany. (2009).Evolving Family Violence. Retrieved from https://www.sunypress.edu/pdf/61752.pdf